found: Work cat.: Provine, R. Essays on Sino-Korean musicology, 1988:t.p. (early sources for Korean ritual music) pref. ("a bibliographic reference work on sources for ... one important genre of court ceremonial music: aak")
found: New Grove:v. 10, p. 201-202 (Korea, 6. Court music. Aak)
found: Song, Ji-won. Jongmyo jeryeak, 2012:p. 13 (the general meaning of "ak" incorporates instrumental music, song, and dance; according to Confucian music theory, these three factors are required in order to complete "ak")
found: Grove music online, viewed March 12, 2014:Korea (aak; Chinese ritual music that came to Korea in 1116; originally performed in a number of formal court ceremonies; stately, rarified music performed by two alternating ensembles of special wind and percussion instruments of Chinese origin)
found: Garland encyclopedia of world music, 2001:volume 7, page 861-863 (Aak; Korean pronunciation of two Chinese characters that are pronounced yayue in Chinese and gagaku in Japan, meaning approximately "elegant music"; Korean aak is taken from and still retains the melodies of twelfth-century yayue of the Chinese Song dynasty; in traditional royal Korea, played almost exclusively in state sacrificial rites; considered a special type of court music; entire modern repertoire consists of only two melodies)
found: Song, Ji-won. Jongmyo jeryeak : the royal ancestral shrine ritual music of Korea:introd. (Jongmyo jeryeak refers to the "ak", or ritual music (including instrumental music, song, and dance) performed at the Jongmyo Shrine, where memorial tablets for the kings and queens of the Joseon Dynasty are enshrined)
