found: African American National Biography, accessed via The Oxford African American Studies Center online database, July 27, 2014:(Goines, Donald Joseph; Al C. Clark; military, fiction writer; born 15 December 1937 in Detroit, Michigan, United States; wrote and published sixteen novels, five of the these novels were under the pen name Al C. Clark; his novels have never been out of print and have been embraced by the hip-hop generation of the 1990s; died 21 October 1974 in Detroit, Michigan, United States)