found: La maison-mère de la Congrégation du Saint-Esprit, 1997
found: Dictionnaire français-fiote, 1890:t.p. (par les missionaires de la Congrégation du Saint-Esprit et du Saint-Cœur de Marie)
found: Information from 678 field, Apr. 19, 2014(In 1848 the Congregation of the Holy Ghost (founded 1703) and the Society of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (founded 1841) merged to form the Congregation of the Holy Ghost and of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, commonly known as the Holy Ghost Fathers.)
found: Britannica academic edition online, Apr. 19, 2014(Holy Ghost Father, member of Congregation of the Holy Ghost and of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, byname Spiritans (C.S.Sp.); Roman Catholic society of men founded in 1703 in Paris by Claude-François Poullart des Places; orig. intended for training of seminarians, gradually took on missionary work; weakened by persecution until 1848 when the Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary merged with it; pioneered in the resumption of African missions in the 1800s; it also carries on educational and social works)
found: CatholicSaints.Info, Catholic Encyclopedia - Venerable Francis Mary Paul Libermann, viewed January 16, 2020(born 12 April 1802; founded Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary on 27 September 1841, La Neuville, just after his ordination in nearby Amiens on 18 September, which existed independently 1841-1848; missions were soon sent to Mauritius, Bourbon and Haiti, and especially Africa; engrafted on the Congregation of the Holy Ghost, which had a similar object but had become almost extinct during the Revolution; Father Libermann chosen superior general of the united societies, a post he occupied until his death)
