Briggs, Cyril V. (Cyril Valentine), 1888-1966

found: Crusader (New York, N.Y. : 1918). The crusader, Sept. 1918:p. 1 (Cyril V. Briggs) intro. to reprint p. vi (Cyril Valentine Briggs; born in Nevis, May 28, 1888)

found: African American National Biography, accessed April 28, 2015, via Oxford African American Studies Center database:(Briggs, Cyril Valentine; newspaper editor, publisher, political activist; born 28 May 1888 in Leeward Islands (Saint Kitts and Nevis); graduated from Ebenezer Wesleyan, island of St. Kitts (1904); was a reporter for St. Kitts Daily Express and the St. Christopher Advertiser (1904); immigrated to the United States (1905); joined West Indian activist community in Harlem; became a society reporter, sporting editor, editorial writer, New York Amsterdam News (1912-1919); joined black business magazine Colored American Review; published editorials calling for African Americans separate state within the United States (1915-1919); registered for military service during World War I, but after antiblack race riots (1917-1920) became opponent of U.S. war participation; organized African Blood Brotherhood for African Liberation and Redemption (ABB); launched his own paper Crusader (1918-1922), official organ of the Hamitic League of the World; joined the Communist Party (1930s), was expelled (1945); was editor of California Eagle, California (1945-1949); died 18 October 1966 in Los Angeles, California, United States)