found: African American National Biography, accessed January 6, 2014, via Oxford African American Studies Center database:(Crosse, Rupert; jazz musician, bassist. He was born 29 November 1928 in New York, New York, United States; studied acting at the Tamara Daykarhanova School for the Stage; appeared in Cassavetes' Shadows, and was considered one of the most influential movies of American independent cinema of the time (1959). His honors include being the first African American with nomination for Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for The Reivers (1968),and recieving the Critics Award at the Cannes Film Festival for Shadows (1960). He died 05 March 1973 in Saint Kitts and Nevis)