Carham, Battle of, England, ca. 1018
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found: Work cat.: Birth of the border, c2018:t.p. (Battle of Carham 1018 AD)
found: Dictionary of battles and sieges, 2007:Carham (1018 during the Danish conquest of England; Malcolm II of Scotland, supported by Owen of Strathclyde, advanced into Northumbria and heavily defeated Eadulf Cudel, the Danish Earl of Bernicia, on the River Tweed at Carham. The Lothian lowlands below the Firth of Forth became part of Scotland and King Knut recognized the Tweed as England's new northern border)
found: Britannica online, Feb. 7, 2019:Alba (Alba, the kingdom formed by the union of the Picts and Scots under Kenneth I MacAlpin in 843; Battle of Carham (1016/18))
found: English monarchs WWW site, Feb. 7, 2019:The Battle of Carham (occurred in 1018 or possibly in 1016; sometimes referred to as the Battle of Coldstream; location is traditionally placed to the south of River Tweed between Wark and Cornhill rather than at Carham itself)
found: Kristen, C. Battle trails of Northumbria, 2014, via Google Books Feb. 7, 2019:Carham (even the date -- probably 1018, but possibly 1016, is disputed; the event is significant as it established the Tweed as the Anglo-Scottish border and permanently secured Lothian to Scotland; "official" battle site is an easily identifiable field between the Tweed and Cornhill road, approximately 1/4 mile from the village of Wark)
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2018-12-04: new
2019-03-14: revised
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