Japanese Americans--Forced removal and internment, 1942-1945
Japanese Americans
Forced removal and internment, 1942-1945
Forced removal of Japanese Americans, 1942-1945
Internment of Japanese Americans, 1942-1945
Japanese Americans--Evacuation and relocation, 1942-1945
Evacuation and relocation, 1942-1945
150 $aJapanese Americans$xForced removal and internment, 1942-1945
World War, 1939-1945--Forced removal of civilians--United States
World War, 1939-1945
Forced removal of civilians
United States
Japoneses-norteamericanos--Reubicación
Forced removal and internment of Japanese Americans (1942-1945)
Américains d'origine japonaise -- Internement (1942-1945)
Fowlkes, Julian F., 1898-1974 Train lists were made up so that families were not separated and in most instances groups from various localities were kept together
Kekki, Saara, 1982- Japanese Americans at Heart Mountain
Puyallup (Wash.) Assembly Center -- arriving evacuees register for housing and mess assignments
Albers, Clem Manzanar, Calif. Apr. 1942--Yaeko Yamashita, in doorway, watching Fugiko Koba trying a new pair of geta, which are stilt-like sandals especially useful in dust--They are evacuees of Japanese descent living at the War relocation authority center
Albers, Clem Salinas, Calif. Apr. 1942--A family of Japanese descent arriving at the assembly center prior to their transfer to a War relocation authority center for the duration of the war
Bainbridge Island (Wash.) evacuation -- Army officer gives orders to personnel assigned to assist island evacuees March 30, 1942
Bainbridge Island (Wash.) evacuation -- Army officer in charge discusses details of evacuation operation with personnel assigned to assist evacuees and young Japanese who aided the Army drivers as guides and helpers. March 30, 1942
Bainbridge Island (Wash.) evacuation -- elderly couple of evacuees board truck and assist pet dog aboard. March 30, 1942
Bainbridge Island (Wash.) evacuation -- evacuees, assisted by soldiers, enroute over mole to ferry on evacuation day, March 30, 1942
Bainbridge Island (Wash.) evacuation -- immediately upon issuance of evacuation orders for Japanese residing on this island, and to expedite evacuation, stopped all Japanese desiring to visit friends on the island
Bainbridge Island (Wash.) evacuation -- Japanese at Winslow, on the Island continues to take care of his trade, pending obtaining someone to take over his business when he is evacuation [i.e., evacuated]. March 23, 1942
Bainbridge Island (Wash.) evacuation -- mother and her brood of children await transportation on evacuation day, March 30, 1942
Bainbridge Island (Wash.) evacuation -- Mrs. Yoshiko Sakai, wife of a farmer, holds $700 in war bonds the family has bought, before Buddha shrine in home. Her husband, a Christian, says she can take it with her on evacuation, March 23, 1942
Bainbridge Island (Wash.) evacuation -- R.G. Dannis, principal of Bainbridge Island High School, assists group of Japanese students on their credits in preparation for entering another school after evacuation, March 23, 1942
Bainbridge Island (Wash.) evacuation -- soldier posting Civilian Exclusion Order No. 1 on building on Island, and instructions to Japanese residents regarding procedure under the order, March 23, 1942
Bainbridge Island (Wash.) evacuation -- soldiers post first Civilian Exclusion Order, March 24, 1942
Bainbridge Island (Wash.) evacuation -- two young women evacuees aboard ferryboat take last look at their island home, March 30, 1942
Bainbridge Island (Wash.) evacuation -- young evacuee displays interest in equipment of soldier to assist his family
California. Legislature. Senate. Fact-Finding Committee on Japanese Resettlement. Partial report of Senate Fact-finding Committee on Japanese Resettlement
California. Legislature. Senate. Fact-Finding Committee on Japanese Resettlement. Report of the Senate Fact-Finding Committee on Japanese Resettlement
Evacuees of Japanese ancestry attending Memorial Day services at Manzanar, California, a War Relocation authority center--Boy Scouts and American Legion members participating in the services appear in the foreground ..
Feeley, Francis McCollum, 1946- America's concentration camps during World War II
Fowlkes, Julian F., 1898-1974 April 25 to 27 Santa Anita residents between the ages of 45 to 65 registered in the draft. Approximately 400 evacuees answered the call
Fowlkes, Julian F., 1898-1974 To evacuate Santa Anita required a total of 38 train movements and 3 movements by bus. The last evacuee left the Center on October 27, 1942
Fresno (Calif.) Assembly Center -- dancing was an almost nightly diversion for the younger evacuees
Fresno (Calif.) Assembly Center -- Invitation to the dance. Young evacuee in dungarees requests the pleasure of the lady's company
Fresno (Calif.) Assembly Center -- Mail-order catalogues were displayed in the Centers and display sheets of apparel for sale. Here is a group of evacuees examining the ads and looking over the price schedules
Fresno (Calif.) Assembly Center -- on the boards and on the ground young girls learn how to twirl the baton expertly
Fresno (Calif.) Assembly Center -- shower rooms were provided in various spots throughout the Centers and divided by sex and age. A group of boys cool off on a hot afternoon
Fresno (Calif.) Assembly Center -- the assembly centers were guarded externally by Military Police. Light standards and guard towers were erected to provide watch over center areas and to afford protection against fire
Fresno (Calif.) Assembly Center -- Two boys find a gold mine of interest in scrap heap of discarded magazines, periodicals and newspapers
Higashide, Seiichi, 1909- Adios to tears
Houston, Jeanne Wakatsuki Farewell to Manzanar
Lange, Dorothea San Francisco, Calif., Apr. 1942--Residents, of Japanese ancestry, appearing at the Civil control station for registration in response to the Army's exclusion order No. 20--The evacuees will be housed in War relocation authority centers for the duration
Lange, Dorothea San Francisco, Calif., June 1942 - An early comer, part of the first contingent of 664 residents of Japanese ancestry to be evacuated from San Francisco, later to be housed in war relocation authority centers for the duration
Lone Pine, Calif. May 1942--Three Japanese-American girls with suitcases, who have just arrived by train from Elk Grove and who will be transported by bus from Lone Pine to Manzanar, a war relocation authority center where they will remain for the duration of war
Long Beach (Calif.) evacuation - military police assist evacuees
Long Beach (Calif.) evacuation -- Young evacuees gayly wave goodbye to friends
Los Angeles (Calif.) evacuation -- Caravan of evacuees leaving Mariposa Street Control Station for Santa Anita Assembly Center
Los Angeles (Calif.) evacuation -- evacuees aboard train enroute to Manzanar (Calif.) Reception Center
Los Angeles (Calif.) evacuation -- evacuees board buses for the trip to the Manzanar Reception Center
Los Angeles (Calif.) Evacuation -- group of evacuees wave good-bye from rear of train
Los Angeles (Calif.) evacuation -- pastor says good-bye to two evacuees
Los Angeles (Calif.) evacuation -- with identification tags attached to their person, a brother and sister start on their journey
Manzanar (Calif.) Reception Center -- informal dancing and other activities engaged the evacuees -- an informal dancing session
Manzanar (Calif.) Reception Center -- informal dancing and other activities engaged the evacuees -- community sing session
Muller, Eric L. Free to die for their country
Ng, Wendy L. Japanese American internment during World War II
Nisei soldier--standard bearer for an exiled people
Nishimoto, Richard S. (Richard Shigeaki), 1904-1956 Inside an American concentration camp
O'Crotty, Pete [Japanese American soldier visiting Tule Lake Relocation Camp, Newell, California, posing for photograph]
O'Crotty, Pete [People dancing in recreation hall at Tule Lake Relocation Camp, Newell, California]
Okihiro, Gary Y., 1945- Whispered silences
Pinedale (Calif.) Assembly Center -- evacuees press against fence while older folk await their turn to join the transferees to War Relocation Center
Pomona (Calif.) Assembly Center -- evacuees pass through outer gate of Center toward buses awaiting to take them to Relocation Center
Portland (Ore.) Assembly Center -- complete postal service under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Post Office, was maintained and included regular mail delivery, special, parcel post, money order and other units
Portland (Ore.) Assembly Center -- teeter-totters were placed near the swings in the recreation grounds of the Center
Portland (Oregon) evacuation -- scene in railroad car on evacuation day
Puyallup (Wash.) Assembly Center -- parcel post and a full postal service is maintained at the Center
Robar, Keith Intelligence, internment, and relocation
San Francisco (Calif.) evacuation - Young evacuee sits atop pile of luggage on evacuation day, April 6, 1942, while soldier stands by
San Francisco (Calif.) evacuation -- evacuees assemble at control station, 1701 Van Ness Avenue, preliminary to departure for Santa Anita Assembly Center
San Francisco (Calif.) evacuation -- Japanese merchant posts sale sign in preparation for evacuation as small son looks on
San Pedro, Calif. Apr. 1942--Residents of Japanese ancestry being moved from Los Angeles harbor before their eventual resettlement in war relocation authority centers
Santa Anita (Calif.) Assembly Center - a young evacuee serves as secretary in the Center Manager's office
Santa Anita (Calif.) Assembly Center -- a panorama of Santa Anita Center showing finished construction
Santa Anita (Calif.) Assembly Center -- cleaning up the platter, these boys are enjoying breakfast at the Center
Santa Anita (Calif.) Assembly Center -- daddy takes sonny for a ride in his "Red Arrow"
Santa Anita (Calif.) Assembly Center -- mail man delivers a letter to Mr. Matsumura
Santa Anita (Calif.) Assembly Center -- young evacuees halt their ride long enough to take a bite of ice-cream and have their pictures taken
Santa Anita (Calif.) Assembly Center -- youngsters carry flags in Americanization program
Seattle (Wash.) evacuation -- following registration, evacuees wait for "processing" interviews on care of their property and other matters, April 25, 1942
Seattle (Wash.) evacuation -- group of children subject to evacuation gayfully play "Bingo" while awaiting orders to move from their homes
Seattle (Wash.) evacuation -- group of evacuees board special motor coaches, April 28, 1942
Seattle (Wash.) evacuation -- group of young American born Japanese discuss their forth coming evacuation
Shimabukuro, Robert Sadamu Born in Seattle
Stockton (Calif.) Assembly Center -- young Japanese evacuee reads bulletin board on which is posted Civilian Restrictive Order No. 1
Tanforan (Calif.) Assembly Center -- a family enjoys the sunshine on the porch of their quarters
Tanforan (Calif.) Assembly Center -- entraining for relocation center
Tanforan (Calif.) assembly center--early view of construction at center from race track grandstand
The American experience. A family gathering
United States. Gila river relocation center, Rivers, Ariz. Second year at Gila
Work cat.: Un-American : the incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, 2016:
p. 14 ("Japanese Americans on the West Coast were not 'evacuated,' which connotes that they were taken away for their own good. They did not go to an 'assembly center,' which sounds like a place to gather for a parade") (OCoLC)941875582
Concentration Camps on the home front: Japanese Americans in the house of Jim Crow, 2008:
p. 14 ("Though obviously quite different from Nazi death camps, these compounds for the forced, indiscriminate incarceration of an entire ethnic minority population have earned the designation concentration camps from many scholars of Asian American history") (OCoLC)184906156
Nikkei in the Pacific Northwest: Japanese Americans and Japanese Canadians in the Twentieth Century, 2005:
p. 14 ("points out the improper use of 'internment' to describe the incarceration resulting from President Franklin Roosevelt's executive order. The legal internment of enemy aliens followed the rules set down in american and international law, but, says Daniels, the incarceration of West Coast Japanese Americans in army and War Relocation Authority concentrations camps was 'simple lawless'") (OCoLC)56517802
Power of words handbook: a guide to language about Japanese Americans in World War II, 2013
p. 9 (Usage of evacuate/evacuation "to describe the forced removal by the federal government of over 110,000 Japanese and Japanese Americans from their homes on the West Coast and Arizona is not accurate. They were not 'evacuated' to protect them from a disastrous environment [...]. The words 'forced removal' should be used instead, which more accurately describes the lack of choice provided to Japanese Americans who were ordered to leave their homes") p. 10 ("The word incarceration more accurately describes those held in WRA camps. Incarcerate is generally defined as to confine or imprison, typically as punishment for a crime. This term reflects the prison-like conditions faced by Japanese Americans as well as the view that they were treated as if guilty of sabotage, espionage, and/or suspect loyalty")
Densho [the Japanese American Legacy Project website], viewed online September 18 2018
Terminology page ("Although 'internment' is a recognized and widely used term, we encourage the use of 'incarceration,' except in the specific case of Japanese Americans detained by the Army or DOJ)
Congressional record, vol. 163, no. 85 (May 17, 2017):
entry for "Recognizing the 75th Anniversary of the Day of Remembrance" (On February 19, 1942 President Franklin Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, following the attack on Pearl Harbor. The order allowed for forced removal and internment of anyone of Japanese descent, many of whom were American citizens and legal permanent residents)