Japanese Americans--Forced removal and internment, 1942-1945
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has close external authority: Japanese American removal, 1942-1945
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has close external authority: Japoneses-norteamericanos--Reubicación
has close external authority: Forced removal and internment of Japanese Americans (1942-1945)
has close external authority: Américains d'origine japonaise -- Internement (1942-1945)
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Japanese American internment
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Japanese American removal, 1942-1945
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authoritative label: Japanese American removal, 1942-1945
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World War, 1939-1945--Forced removal of civilians--United States
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Japoneses-norteamericanos--Reubicación
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Forced removal and internment of Japanese Americans (1942-1945)
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authoritative label: Forced removal and internment of Japanese Americans (1942-1945)
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Américains d'origine japonaise -- Internement (1942-1945)
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http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11612210
type: Work
aap: Fowlkes, Julian F., 1898-1974 Train lists were made up so that families were not separated and in most instances groups from various localities were kept together

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/22548116
type: Work
aap: Kekki, Saara, 1982- Japanese Americans at Heart Mountain

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11612216
type: Work
aap: Puyallup (Wash.) Assembly Center -- arriving evacuees register for housing and mess assignments

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11711262
type: Work
aap: Albers, Clem Manzanar, Calif. Apr. 1942--Yaeko Yamashita, in doorway, watching Fugiko Koba trying a new pair of geta, which are stilt-like sandals especially useful in dust--They are evacuees of Japanese descent living at the War relocation authority center

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11711261
type: Work
aap: Albers, Clem Salinas, Calif. Apr. 1942--A family of Japanese descent arriving at the assembly center prior to their transfer to a War relocation authority center for the duration of the war

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/1200745
type: Work
aap: And justice for all

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/1022479
type: Work
aap: Armor, John Manzanar

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11580479
type: Work
aap: Bainbridge Island (Wash.) evacuation -- Army officer gives orders to personnel assigned to assist island evacuees March 30, 1942

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11580482
type: Work
aap: Bainbridge Island (Wash.) evacuation -- Army officer in charge discusses details of evacuation operation with personnel assigned to assist evacuees and young Japanese who aided the Army drivers as guides and helpers. March 30, 1942

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11580489
type: Work
aap: Bainbridge Island (Wash.) evacuation -- elderly couple of evacuees board truck and assist pet dog aboard. March 30, 1942

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/12347355
type: Work
aap: Bainbridge Island (Wash.) evacuation -- evacuees, assisted by soldiers, enroute over mole to ferry on evacuation day, March 30, 1942

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11580464
type: Work
aap: Bainbridge Island (Wash.) evacuation -- immediately upon issuance of evacuation orders for Japanese residing on this island, and to expedite evacuation, stopped all Japanese desiring to visit friends on the island

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11580475
type: Work
aap: Bainbridge Island (Wash.) evacuation -- Japanese at Winslow, on the Island continues to take care of his trade, pending obtaining someone to take over his business when he is evacuation [i.e., evacuated]. March 23, 1942

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11580494
type: Work
aap: Bainbridge Island (Wash.) evacuation -- mother and her brood of children await transportation on evacuation day, March 30, 1942

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11580472
type: Work
aap: Bainbridge Island (Wash.) evacuation -- Mrs. Yoshiko Sakai, wife of a farmer, holds $700 in war bonds the family has bought, before Buddha shrine in home. Her husband, a Christian, says she can take it with her on evacuation, March 23, 1942

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11580468
type: Work
aap: Bainbridge Island (Wash.) evacuation -- R.G. Dannis, principal of Bainbridge Island High School, assists group of Japanese students on their credits in preparation for entering another school after evacuation, March 23, 1942

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11612252
type: Work
aap: Bainbridge Island (Wash.) evacuation -- soldier posting Civilian Exclusion Order No. 1 on building on Island, and instructions to Japanese residents regarding procedure under the order, March 23, 1942

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11580462
type: Work
aap: Bainbridge Island (Wash.) evacuation -- soldiers post first Civilian Exclusion Order, March 24, 1942

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11580495
type: Work
aap: Bainbridge Island (Wash.) evacuation -- two young women evacuees aboard ferryboat take last look at their island home, March 30, 1942

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11580492
type: Work
aap: Bainbridge Island (Wash.) evacuation -- young evacuee displays interest in equipment of soldier to assist his family

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/1125610
type: Work
aap: Baker, Lillian Dishonoring America

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/10208844
type: Work
aap: California. Legislature. Senate. Fact-Finding Committee on Japanese Resettlement. Partial report of Senate Fact-finding Committee on Japanese Resettlement

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/10213546
type: Work
aap: California. Legislature. Senate. Fact-Finding Committee on Japanese Resettlement. Report of the Senate Fact-Finding Committee on Japanese Resettlement

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11977916
type: Work
aap: Confinement and ethnicity

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11648966
type: Work
aap: Evacuees of Japanese ancestry attending Memorial Day services at Manzanar, California, a War Relocation authority center--Boy Scouts and American Legion members participating in the services appear in the foreground ..

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/12133160
type: Work
aap: Feeley, Francis McCollum, 1946- America's concentration camps during World War II

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11612228
type: Work
aap: Fowlkes, Julian F., 1898-1974 April 25 to 27 Santa Anita residents between the ages of 45 to 65 registered in the draft. Approximately 400 evacuees answered the call

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11612230
type: Work
aap: Fowlkes, Julian F., 1898-1974 To evacuate Santa Anita required a total of 38 train movements and 3 movements by bus. The last evacuee left the Center on October 27, 1942

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11712132
type: Work
aap: Fresno (Calif.) Assembly Center -- dancing was an almost nightly diversion for the younger evacuees

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11712134
type: Work
aap: Fresno (Calif.) Assembly Center -- Invitation to the dance. Young evacuee in dungarees requests the pleasure of the lady's company

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/12347360
type: Work
aap: Fresno (Calif.) Assembly Center -- Mail-order catalogues were displayed in the Centers and display sheets of apparel for sale. Here is a group of evacuees examining the ads and looking over the price schedules

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/12351277
type: Work
aap: Fresno (Calif.) Assembly Center -- on the boards and on the ground young girls learn how to twirl the baton expertly

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11712107
type: Work
aap: Fresno (Calif.) Assembly Center -- shower rooms were provided in various spots throughout the Centers and divided by sex and age. A group of boys cool off on a hot afternoon

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11712061
type: Work
aap: Fresno (Calif.) Assembly Center -- the assembly centers were guarded externally by Military Police. Light standards and guard towers were erected to provide watch over center areas and to afford protection against fire

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/12351293
type: Work
aap: Fresno (Calif.) Assembly Center -- Two boys find a gold mine of interest in scrap heap of discarded magazines, periodicals and newspapers

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11690691
type: Work
aap: Guilty by reason of race. Part I

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/1131811
type: Work
aap: Higashide, Seiichi, 1909- Adios to tears

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11919237
type: Work
aap: Higashide, Seiichi, 1909- Adios to tears

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/10424481
type: Work
aap: Hoshino, Jigorō Amerika seikanki

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/1198606
type: Work
aap: Hosokawa, Bill Out of the frying pan

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/12315688
type: Work
aap: Houston, Jeanne Wakatsuki Farewell to Manzanar

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/12012279
type: Work
aap: Iritani, Frank Ten visits revised

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11964734
type: Work
aap: Japanese American internment camps

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11509441
type: Work
aap: Japanese American relocation, 1942

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11685124
type: Work
aap: Lange, Dorothea San Francisco, Calif., Apr. 1942--Residents, of Japanese ancestry, appearing at the Civil control station for registration in response to the Army's exclusion order No. 20--The evacuees will be housed in War relocation authority centers for the duration

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/12120231
type: Work
aap: Lange, Dorothea San Francisco, Calif., June 1942 - An early comer, part of the first contingent of 664 residents of Japanese ancestry to be evacuated from San Francisco, later to be housed in war relocation authority centers for the duration

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/12312353
type: Work
aap: Last witnesses

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/12215626
type: Work
aap: Lone Pine, Calif. May 1942--Three Japanese-American girls with suitcases, who have just arrived by train from Elk Grove and who will be transported by bus from Lone Pine to Manzanar, a war relocation authority center where they will remain for the duration of war

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11612227
type: Work
aap: Long Beach (Calif.) evacuation - military police assist evacuees

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/12347350
type: Work
aap: Long Beach (Calif.) evacuation -- Young evacuees gayly wave goodbye to friends

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/12347321
type: Work
aap: Los Angeles (Calif.) evacuation -- Caravan of evacuees leaving Mariposa Street Control Station for Santa Anita Assembly Center

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/12347328
type: Work
aap: Los Angeles (Calif.) evacuation -- evacuees aboard train enroute to Manzanar (Calif.) Reception Center

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11675365
type: Work
aap: Los Angeles (Calif.) evacuation -- evacuees board buses for the trip to the Manzanar Reception Center

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/12347293
type: Work
aap: Los Angeles (Calif.) Evacuation -- group of evacuees wave good-bye from rear of train

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11675366
type: Work
aap: Los Angeles (Calif.) evacuation -- pastor says good-bye to two evacuees

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/12347338
type: Work
aap: Los Angeles (Calif.) evacuation -- with identification tags attached to their person, a brother and sister start on their journey

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/12021008
type: Work
aap: Lowman, David D., 1921- Magic

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/12141431
type: Work
aap: Mackey, Mike Heart Mountain

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11779407
type: Work
aap: Manzanar (Calif.) Reception Center -- informal dancing and other activities engaged the evacuees -- an informal dancing session

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11779392
type: Work
aap: Manzanar (Calif.) Reception Center -- informal dancing and other activities engaged the evacuees -- community sing session

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/12333442
type: Work
aap: Muller, Eric L. Free to die for their country

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/12254489
type: Work
aap: Ng, Wendy L. Japanese American internment during World War II

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11608489
type: Work
aap: Nisei soldier--standard bearer for an exiled people

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/1143482
type: Work
aap: Nishimoto, Richard S. (Richard Shigeaki), 1904-1956 Inside an American concentration camp

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11617741
type: Work
aap: O'Crotty, Pete [Japanese American soldier visiting Tule Lake Relocation Camp, Newell, California, posing for photograph]

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11617739
type: Work
aap: O'Crotty, Pete [People dancing in recreation hall at Tule Lake Relocation Camp, Newell, California]

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/1143507
type: Work
aap: Okihiro, Gary Y., 1945- Whispered silences

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11978363
type: Work
aap: Only what we could carry

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11612229
type: Work
aap: Pinedale (Calif.) Assembly Center -- evacuees press against fence while older folk await their turn to join the transferees to War Relocation Center

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11612226
type: Work
aap: Pomona (Calif.) Assembly Center -- evacuees pass through outer gate of Center toward buses awaiting to take them to Relocation Center

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/12351341
type: Work
aap: Portland (Ore.) Assembly Center -- complete postal service under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Post Office, was maintained and included regular mail delivery, special, parcel post, money order and other units

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/12351322
type: Work
aap: Portland (Ore.) Assembly Center -- teeter-totters were placed near the swings in the recreation grounds of the Center

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11712140
type: Work
aap: Portland (Oregon) evacuation -- scene in railroad car on evacuation day

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/12351446
type: Work
aap: Puyallup (Wash.) Assembly Center -- parcel post and a full postal service is maintained at the Center

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/12315444
type: Work
aap: Race, rights, and reparation

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/12238150
type: Work
aap: Robar, Keith Intelligence, internment, and relocation

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11593047
type: Work
aap: San Francisco (Calif.) evacuation - Young evacuee sits atop pile of luggage on evacuation day, April 6, 1942, while soldier stands by

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11540868
type: Work
aap: San Francisco (Calif.) evacuation -- evacuees assemble at control station, 1701 Van Ness Avenue, preliminary to departure for Santa Anita Assembly Center

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11712105
type: Work
aap: San Francisco (Calif.) evacuation -- Japanese merchant posts sale sign in preparation for evacuation as small son looks on

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/12215621
type: Work
aap: San Pedro, Calif. Apr. 1942--Residents of Japanese ancestry being moved from Los Angeles harbor before their eventual resettlement in war relocation authority centers

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11674577
type: Work
aap: Santa Anita (Calif.) Assembly Center - a young evacuee serves as secretary in the Center Manager's office

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/12351468
type: Work
aap: Santa Anita (Calif.) Assembly Center -- a panorama of Santa Anita Center showing finished construction

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/12351491
type: Work
aap: Santa Anita (Calif.) Assembly Center -- cleaning up the platter, these boys are enjoying breakfast at the Center

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11593016
type: Work
aap: Santa Anita (Calif.) Assembly Center -- daddy takes sonny for a ride in his "Red Arrow"

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/12351524
type: Work
aap: Santa Anita (Calif.) Assembly Center -- mail man delivers a letter to Mr. Matsumura

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/12351557
type: Work
aap: Santa Anita (Calif.) Assembly Center -- young evacuees halt their ride long enough to take a bite of ice-cream and have their pictures taken

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11648922
type: Work
aap: Santa Anita (Calif.) Assembly Center -- youngsters carry flags in Americanization program

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/10424669
type: Work
aap: Sasaki, Sasabune Yokuryūsho seikatsuki

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11712148
type: Work
aap: Seattle (Wash.) evacuation -- following registration, evacuees wait for "processing" interviews on care of their property and other matters, April 25, 1942

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11712139
type: Work
aap: Seattle (Wash.) evacuation -- group of children subject to evacuation gayfully play "Bingo" while awaiting orders to move from their homes

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11712150
type: Work
aap: Seattle (Wash.) evacuation -- group of evacuees board special motor coaches, April 28, 1942

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11712135
type: Work
aap: Seattle (Wash.) evacuation -- group of young American born Japanese discuss their forth coming evacuation

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/12302200
type: Work
aap: Shimabukuro, Robert Sadamu Born in Seattle

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11612280
type: Work
aap: Stockton (Calif.) Assembly Center -- young Japanese evacuee reads bulletin board on which is posted Civilian Restrictive Order No. 1

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11612196
type: Work
aap: Tanforan (Calif.) Assembly Center -- a family enjoys the sunshine on the porch of their quarters

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11612172
type: Work
aap: Tanforan (Calif.) Assembly Center -- entraining for relocation center

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11623252
type: Work
aap: Tanforan (Calif.) assembly center--early view of construction at center from race track grandstand

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11540475
type: Work
aap: The American experience. A family gathering

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11607260
type: Work
aap: The Color of honor

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/11608614
type: Work
aap: The Color of honor

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/1013907
type: Work
aap: Tsukamoto, Mary We the people

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/10210640
type: Work
aap: United States. Gila river relocation center, Rivers, Ariz. Second year at Gila

http://id.loc.gov/resources/works/1015395
type: Work
aap: Yamashita, Shonin It had to be so

Source
citation source: Work cat.: Un-American : the incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, 2016:
citation note: p. 14 ("Japanese Americans on the West Coast were not 'evacuated,' which connotes that they were taken away for their own good. They did not go to an 'assembly center,' which sounds like a place to gather for a parade") (OCoLC)941875582
citation status: found

Source
citation source: Concentration Camps on the home front: Japanese Americans in the house of Jim Crow, 2008:
citation note: p. 14 ("Though obviously quite different from Nazi death camps, these compounds for the forced, indiscriminate incarceration of an entire ethnic minority population have earned the designation concentration camps from many scholars of Asian American history") (OCoLC)184906156
citation status: found

Source
citation source: Nikkei in the Pacific Northwest: Japanese Americans and Japanese Canadians in the Twentieth Century, 2005:
citation note: p. 14 ("points out the improper use of 'internment' to describe the incarceration resulting from President Franklin Roosevelt's executive order. The legal internment of enemy aliens followed the rules set down in american and international law, but, says Daniels, the incarceration of West Coast Japanese Americans in army and War Relocation Authority concentrations camps was 'simple lawless'") (OCoLC)56517802
citation status: found

Source
citation source: Power of words handbook: a guide to language about Japanese Americans in World War II, 2013
citation source: Power-of-Words-Rev.-Term.-Handbook.pdf
citation note: p. 9 (Usage of evacuate/evacuation "to describe the forced removal by the federal government of over 110,000 Japanese and Japanese Americans from their homes on the West Coast and Arizona is not accurate. They were not 'evacuated' to protect them from a disastrous environment [...]. The words 'forced removal' should be used instead, which more accurately describes the lack of choice provided to Japanese Americans who were ordered to leave their homes") p. 10 ("The word incarceration more accurately describes those held in WRA camps. Incarcerate is generally defined as to confine or imprison, typically as punishment for a crime. This term reflects the prison-like conditions faced by Japanese Americans as well as the view that they were treated as if guilty of sabotage, espionage, and/or suspect loyalty")
citation status: found

Source
citation source: Densho [the Japanese American Legacy Project website], viewed online September 18 2018
citation source: terminology
citation note: Terminology page ("Although 'internment' is a recognized and widely used term, we encourage the use of 'incarceration,' except in the specific case of Japanese Americans detained by the Army or DOJ)
citation status: found

Source
citation source: Congressional record, vol. 163, no. 85 (May 17, 2017):
citation note: entry for "Recognizing the 75th Anniversary of the Day of Remembrance" (On February 19, 1942 President Franklin Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, following the attack on Pearl Harbor. The order allowed for forced removal and internment of anyone of Japanese descent, many of whom were American citizens and legal permanent residents)
citation status: found

RecordInfo
record change date: 1986-02-11T00:00:00
record status: new
record content source: dlc

RecordInfo
record change date: 2021-07-19T15:02:47
record status: revised
record content source: ien

Forced removal of Japanese Americans, 1942-1945
type: Label

Internment of Japanese Americans, 1942-1945
type: Label

Japanese Americans--Evacuation and relocation, 1942-1945
type: Label

ChangeSet
subject of change: Japanese Americans--Forced removal and internment, 1942-1945
creator name: dlc
created date: 1986-02-11T00:00:00
change reason: new

ChangeSet
subject of change: Japanese Americans--Forced removal and internment, 1942-1945
creator name: ien
created date: 2021-07-19T15:02:47
change reason: revised

first: sh85069603
rest:
  first: Topic
    type: Authority
    authoritative label: Forced removal and internment, 1942-1945
    element list: TopicElement
      element value: Forced removal and internment, 1942-1945
  rest: nil

Topic
type: Variant
variant label: Forced removal of Japanese Americans, 1942-1945
element list: TopicElement
  element value: Forced removal of Japanese Americans, 1942-1945

Topic
type: Variant
variant label: Internment of Japanese Americans, 1942-1945
element list: TopicElement
  element value: Internment of Japanese Americans, 1942-1945

ComplexSubject
type: Variant
variant label: Japanese Americans--Evacuation and relocation, 1942-1945
component list: Topic
  type: Variant
  variant label: Japanese Americans
  element list: TopicElement
    element value: Japanese Americans
component list: Topic
  type: Variant
  variant label: Evacuation and relocation, 1942-1945
  element list: TopicElement
    element value: Evacuation and relocation, 1942-1945

ClassNumber
code: D769.8.A6
has exact external authority: D769.8.A6

ComplexSubject
type: Variant
variant label: Japanese Americans--Evacuation and relocation, 1942-1945
component list: Topic
  type: Variant
  variant label: Japanese Americans
  element list: TopicElement
    element value: Japanese Americans
component list: Topic
  type: Variant
  variant label: Evacuation and relocation, 1942-1945
  element list: TopicElement
    element value: Evacuation and relocation, 1942-1945