Bibframe Work

Machine generated contents note: CHAPTER 1 Introduction: Biomaterials and

Bioprocessing 1

1.1 Raw materials 2

1.2 Cell cultivation 5

1.3 Enzymes 9

1.4 Product purification 10

1.5 Further reading 14

CHAPTER 2 Bulk Bioprocessing Operations 15

2.1 Agitation and mixing 15

2.2 Heat transfer 20

2.3 Size reduction and enlargement 25

2.4 Solid-liquid separations 30

2.5 Solid-solid separations 35

2.6 Further reading 35

CHAPTER 3 Bioreactors in Bioprocessing 37

3.1 Microbial bioreactors 37

3.2 Non-microbial cell culture systems 43

3.3 Bioreactor sterilization and sterility

maintenance 47

3.4 Bioreactor control 48

3.5 Enzyme bioreactors 49

3.6 Further reading 53

CHAPTER 4 Biochemical Separations 55

4.1 Precipitation 55

4.2 Crystallization 57

4.3 Membrane processes 57

4.4 Chromatographic methods in

bioprocessing 60

4.5 Liquid-liquid extraction 64

4.6 Supercritical fluid extraction 67

4.7 Process scale continuous electrophoresis 67

4.8 Lyophilization 69

4.9 Further reading 71

CHAPTER 5 Sterilization and Preservation in

Bioprocessing 73

5.1 Dry-heat sterilization 73

5.2 Steam sterilization 74

5.3 Gas sterilization 76

5.4 Ionising radiation 76

5.5 Other sterilants 76

5.6 Filtration 76

5.7 Food preservatives and stabilizers 77

5.8 Stabilizers of other biological solutions 79

5.9 Further reading 80

CHAPTER 6 Bulk Processing of Animal and Plant

Materials 81

6.1 Cereal processing 82

6.2 Baking 87

6.3 Fruits and vegetables 88

6.4 Coffee and tea 91

6.5 Chocolate and cocoa products 92

6.6 Sugar production 94

6.7 Milk processing 96

6.8 Meat processing 101

6.9 Egg processing 102

6.10 Animal blood processing 103

6.11 Fats and oils - manufacture and

processing 105

6.12 Further reading 108

CHAPTER 7 Purification of Fine Chemicals from

Non-microbial Sources 110

7.1 Extraction of plant products 110

7.2 Fish by-products 113

7.3 Animal by-products 113

7.4 Human products 115

7.5 Further reading 120

CHAPTER 8 Fermentation and Cell Culture

Processes 121

8.1 Examples of microbial fermentation

processes 122

8.2 Animal cell culture 130

8.3 Plant cell culture 134

8.4 Further reading 135

CHAPTER 9 Recovery of Cell Products 137

9.1 Downstream processing steps 139

9.2 Examples of recovery processes 140

9.3 Further reading 149

CHAPTER 10 Enzyme Bioprocessing Applications 151

10.1 Bulk industrial enzymes 151

10.2 Biotransformations 159

10.3 Concluding remarks 166

10.4 Further reading 168

CHAPTER 11 Waste Treatment 170

11.1 Waste water treatment 170

11.2 Trickling filters 174

11.3 Rotating biological contactors 174

11.4 Activated sludge 174

11.5 Sludge processing 175

11.6 Composting 175

11.7 Micro-organisms and enzymes as waste

treatment processing aids 175

11.8 Further reading 177

CHAPTER 12 Good Manufacturing 178

12.1 Further reading 181