found: Work cat.: Watkins, W.H. All you need to know about rappin', c1984:CIP galley (rap songs)
found: Shaw, A. Dict. of American pop/rock, c1982(rapping)
found: Rolling Stone encyc. of rock & roll, c1983(rap)
found: New Grove dict. of American music, c1986(rap)
found: The source, No. 50 (Nov. 1993):p. 9 (hip-hop music)
found: New Grove dict. of Amer. music, 1986(hip-hop: collective term for the black urban art forms ... consisting of break dancing, graffiti art, and rap)
found: New Grove, 2nd ed. WWW site, Jan. 29, 2001(rap: predominantly African-American musical style that first gained prominence in the late 1970s; characterized by semi-spoken rhymes declaimed over a rhythmic musical backing, drawn from the sampling of pre-existing recordings and the use of DJ mixing techniques)
found: Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, 1991.
