found: Work cat.: Ibn Ghuṣūn, Ṣāliḥ ibn ʻAlī. Fatwas. Thamar al-ghuṣūn min fatāwá al-shaykh Ṣāliḥ ibn ʻAlī ibn Ghuṣūn, 2014(collection of the author's fatwas)
found: LCSH, Jan. 26, 2017(Fatwas. UF Fatāwá; Fatwas--Law and legislation. BT Advisory opinions (Islamic law); Islamic law--Sources)
found: Merriam-Webster dictionary online, Jan. 26, 2017(fatwa: a legal opinion or decree handed down by an Islamic religious leader)
found: Oxford dictionaries website, Jan. 26, 2017(fatwa: A ruling on a point of Islamic law given by a recognized authority)
found: What is a fatwa?, via Islamic Supreme Council of America website, viewed Jan. 26, 2017(A fatwā is an Islamic legal pronouncement, issued by an expert in religious law (mufti), pertaining to a specific issue, usually at the request of an individual or judge to resolve an issue where Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), is unclear; We might compare a fatwā to the legal ruling of a high court or the Supreme Court, depending on the authority of the mufti behind it. However, a fatwā is not binding as is the verdict of the secular courts; while correct and applicable to all members of the Muslim faith, the fatwā is optional for the individual to respect or not)
found: Oxford Islamic studies online, Jan. 26, 2017(Fatwa. Authoritative legal opinion given by a mufti (legal scholar) in response to a question posed by an individual or a court of law. A fatwa is typically requested in cases not covered by the fiqh literature and is neither binding nor enforceable. Its authority is based on the mufti's education and status within the community. If the inquirer is not persuaded by the fatwa, he is free to go to another mufti and obtain another opinion; but once he finds a convincing opinion, he should obey it. Theoretically, muftis should be capable of exercising legal reasoning independently of schools of law (ijtihad), although followers of tradition (muqallids) are also allowed to issue fatwas. Historically, fatwas were independent of the judicial system, although some muftis were officially attached to various courts. In the Ottoman and Mughal political systems, the chief mufti was designated shaykh al-Islam. Other muftis were appointed to positions as market inspectors, guardians of public morals, and advisers to government on religious affairs. Under colonial rule, madrasas took over the role of religious guides, and special institutions were established to issue fatwas. In modern times, print and electronic media have reinforced the role and impact of fatwas by making them instantly available to the public. Present-day Muslim states have tried to control fatwas through official consultative/advisory organizations within religious ministries.)
found: The Oxford dictionary of the Middle Ages, 2010, via Oxford reference online, Jan. 26, 2017(fatwa. Islamic legal opinion. Issued by a mufti, a fatwa determines the legal category of a specific case, as well as the appropriate course of action. It is not legally binding, but carries the weight of the cited authorities as well as precedent reasoning and opinion. The mufti must be a person of integrity, and have thorough knowledge of the religious law (sharia), that is to say, he must be a competent jurist, one skilled in fiqh ('jurisprudence'). Fatwas were commonly sought by qadis as well as private individuals, to aid in resolving disputes.)
