Tammany Hall (Political organization)

found: Kilroe, E.P. Saint Tammany and the origin of the Society of Tammany, 1913:p. 148, etc. (Tammany Hall; in popular significance the term Tammany Hall refers to the dominant faction of the Democratic party of the county of N.Y., which had its meetings in the assembly room of the Tammany Society since the construction of the first Tammany Hall in 1811; the political organization known as Tammany Hall, and the Society of Tammany or Columbian Order, are separate and distinct entities, but they are interlocked, with officers of the society also serving as leaders of the political organization; following the disclosures of the Tweed Ring in 1871, the society was wholly divorced from its partisan control)

found: Britannica online, Oct. 3, 2014(Tammany Hall, also called Tammany, the executive committee of the Democratic Party in New York City historically exercising political control through the typical boss-ist blend of charity and patronage. When Tammany was organized in New York in 1789, it represented middle-class opposition to the power of the 'aristocratic' Federalist Party. Incorporated in 1805 as a benevolent body, the Society of Tammany became identified with the Democratic Party by means of identical leadership within both organizations. The makeup of the society was substantially altered in 1817 when Irish immigrants, protesting Tammany bigotry, forced their right to membership and benefits. Later Tammany championed the spread of the franchise to white propertyless males. Nevertheless, the society's appeal to particular ethnic and religious minorities, the doling out of gifts to the poor, and the bribing of rival political faction leaders, among them the notorious 'Boss' William M. Tweed, made the name Tammany Hall synonymous with urban political corruption. Tammany's power was formidable in the 19th and early 20th centuries, but its control over New York politics was diminished when Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt reduced its status to a county organization after it failed to support him in 1932)

found: George Washington University web site, Oct. 3, 2014:under Eleanor Roosevelt Papers Project (Tammany Hall was the name given to the Democratic political machine that dominated New York City politics from the mayoral victory of Fernando Wood in 1854 through the election of Fiorello LaGuardia in 1934. The eighty-year period between those two elections marks the time in which Tammany was the city's driving political force ... the Tammany Society of New York City was founded in 1786 as a fraternal organization whose primary activities were social ... Tammany was unable to escape from the drastic social and cultural changes brought on by the Great Depression, and in 1932 the machine suffered a dual setback when Mayor James Walker was forced from office and FDR was elected president)

found: Wikipedia, Oct. 3, 2014(Tammany Hall, also known as the Society of St. Tammany, the Sons of St. Tammany, or the Columbian Order, was a New York City political organization founded in 1786 and incorporated on May 12, 1789, as the Tammany Society. It was the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in controlling New York City and New York State politics and helping immigrants, most notably the Irish, rise up in American politics from the 1790s to the 1960s. It controlled Democratic Party nominations and political patronage in Manhattan from the mayoral victory of Fernando Wood in 1854 through the election of John P. O'Brien in 1932)

[Associated with, but not exactly the same, as Tammany Society, or Columbian Order (New York, N.Y.), a non-partisan fraternal and patriotic organization formed in New York about 1786 or 1787; in the 1790s the society became increasingly involved in politics and eventually gave rise to Tammany Hall (Political organization), the Democratic political machine that had become prominent in New York City politics by 1854; the two bodies are frequently confused, and assumed either to be the same, or earlier and later forms of the same body.]