Xuma, Alfred B. (Alfred Bitini), 1893-1962

found: Alfred B. Xuma, 2000:CIP galley (Alfred Bitini Xuma (1893-1962); first western-trained African physician to practice medicine in Johannesburg)

found: Dictionary of African Biography, accessed April 21, 2015, via Oxford African American Studies Center database:(Xuma, Alfred Bitini; political figure, black nationalist, political activist; born in 1890 in Transkei, South Africa; BS from the University of Minnesota (1920); MD from Northwestern University's medical school (1926); Diploma of Public Health at the University of London's School of Hygiene (1938); first western-trained African physician to practice medicine in Johannesburg, South Africa; helped lead an ultimately unsuccessful effort to preserve African voting rights in the Cape (1935-1936); became a respected leader of African women's organizations in Johannesburg and president of the African National Congress (ANC); reinvigorating the Congress by opening a national headquarters, hiring organizers, raising funds, modernizing the constitution, recruiting youths and intellectuals (1940's); fought the South African government's plan to incorporate South-West Africa (Namibia) into its territory, which became one of the greatest political victories; died in 1962 in Johannesburg, South Africa)