found: African American National Biography, accessed December 30, 2014, via Oxford African American Studies Center database:(Clark, Mamie Phipps; psychologist; born 18 April 1917 in Hot Springs, Arkansas, United States; graduated from Howard magna cum laude (1938); awarded a graduate fellowship in psychology; continued her studies at Columbia University in New York; famous for "doll tests", her studies were laying the groundwork for the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision that ended segregation in America's public schools; the first African American woman to be awarded a doctorate in Psychology from Columbia University; Northside Center for Child Development in Harlem, New York; served on the board of many community organizations including Mount Sinai Medical Center, the New York Public Library, and the Museum of Modern Art; died 11 August 1983 in Hastings-on-Hudson, New York, United States)
