found: Work cat: Law, E.L.M. Human computation, c2011:abstr. (Human computation is a new and evolving research area that centers around harnessing human intelligence to solve computational problems that are beyond the scope of existing Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms. With the growth of the Web, human computation systems can now leverage the abilities of an unprecedented number of people via the Web to perform complex computation. There are various genres of human computation applications that exist today. Games with a purpose (e.g. the ESP Game) specifically target online gamers who generate useful data (e.g., image tags) while playing an enjoyable game. Crowdsourcing marketplaces (e.g., Amazon Mechanical Turk) are human computation systems that coordinate workers to perform tasks in exchange for monetary rewards. In identity verification tasks, users perform computation in order to gain access to some online content; an example is reCAPTCHA, which leverages millions of users who solve CAPTCHAs every day to correct words in books that optical character recognition (OCR) programs fail to recognize with certainty)
found: Wikipedia, July 28, 2011(Human-based computation, is a computer science technique in which a computational process performs its function by outsourcing certain steps to humans. In traditional computation, a human employs a computer to solve a problem; a human provides a formalized problem description to a computer, and receives a solution to interpret. Human-based computation frequently reverses the roles; the computer asks a person or a large group of people to solve a problem, then collects, interprets, and integrates their solutions)
found: Luis Von Ahn Web page at Carnegie Mellon University, July 28, 2011(systems that combine humans and computers to solve large-scale problems that neither can solve alone ... Human Computation; others sometimes call it Crowdsourcing)
