found: Work cat: Amending the Ysleta del Sur Pueblo and Alabama and Coushatta Indian Tribes of Texas Restoration Act to allow the Ysleta del Sur Pueblo Tribe to determine blood quantum requirement for membership in that tribe : report (to accompany H.R. 1560), 2011. (Viewed online July 3, 2012)
found: Sokolow, G. A. Native Americans and the law, c2000:p. 43 (The term "blood quantum" is used to refer to the fraction of Indian blood present in an individual applying for membership in a federally recognized Indian tribe. To count toward membership in a federally recognized Indian tribe, Indian blood must be that of a recognized tribe. A person can have blood from more than one Indian tribe, but most tribal constitutions and existing federal law allows a person to claim membership in only one Indian tribe. The quantum of Indian blood (from none to entirely Indian blood) necessary to be considered for membership varies from tribe to tribe)
found: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services web site, Aug. 16, 2012:under Indian Health Service (Federal Health Program for American Indians and Alaska Natives, Standard Code Book (SCB): Blood quantum tables)
found: South Dakota Law Review, Vol. 51, no. 1, 2006, viewed online, Aug. 16, 2012:article: Spruhan, P. A Legal History of Blood Quantum in Federal Indian Law to 1935 (abstract: The paper traces the development of the use of blood quantum, or fractional amounts of Indian blood to define Indian in federal law up to the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934. The paper shows that blood quantum was not widely used in federal law until the twentieth century, as the branches of the federal government used matrilineal or patrilineal descent or tribal membership to define Indian, for various legal purposes, including during the allotment era of federal Indian policy; keywords: Blood quantum, Indian blood, Indian law, Native American law, Federal Indian law, Legal history)
found: Britannica Academic online, July 14, 2012:under Under Native American, Developments in the late 20th and early 21st centuries (The numerical difference between those claiming ancestry and those who are officially recognized is a reflection of many factors ... in some cases, the children of ethnically mixed marriages have been unable to document the degree of genetic relation necessary for official enrollment in a particular tribe ... this degree of relation is often referred to as a blood quantum requirement; one-fourth ancestry, the equivalent of one grandparent, is a common minimum blood quantum, though not the only one)
found: Wikipedia, searched Aug. 16, 2012:Blood quantum laws (Blood Quantum Laws or Indian Blood Laws is an umbrella term that describes legislation enacted in the United States to define membership in Native American tribes or nations. "Blood quantum" refers to describing the degree of ancestry for an individual of a specific racial or ethnic group, for instance, 1/4 Omaha tribe [article cites 36 bibliographical references])
found: Schultz, L. The relationship of educational level, reservation status and blood quantum with anger and post-colonial stress among American Indians, 2005, viewed online July 9, 2012.
notfound: Black's law dictionary;Canby, William C., 1931- American Indian law in a nutshell;Web3 via Literature online database, searched July 9, 2012;ClassWeb, searched July 3, 2012
