Turkey--History--Gezi Park Protests, 2013

found: Work cat.: Another brick in the barricade : the Gezi resistance and its aftermath, 2015:p. 7 (The occupation of Taksim Gezi Park and the subsequent wave of protests across Turkey have been called many names such as Gezi Park protests, Gezi resistance, Gezi events, and Gezi movement. Although "Gezi Resistance" has been the most commonly accepted and widely used name, different authors refer to the events by different names throughout this book. ... Irrespective of the various nouns prefixed to it, the word "Gezi" has become a metonym for the whole of this aggregation of historical events in Turkey.) p. 35 (The Taksim Project, one of the many ongoing urban renewal projects of Istanbul, aimed to redevelop Gezi Park and the surrounding Taksim Square area. On 27 May 2013, a few people gathered in Gezi Park when bulldozers arrived to start pushing down trees. Police responded with excessive force over the following days, and many people--estimated to be between 2.5 and 3.5 million in total--took to the streets in cities across the country in solidarity, and to raise their voices in regard to plans for the park. Very quickly, the Gezi Park protests became a space to express frustration and opposition to recent social and economic policies of the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP), and in many cases to the party itself.)

found: Gezi Park protests : brutal denial of the right to peaceful assembly in Turkey, 2013, viewed online via Amnesty International website, Dec. 9, 2015:p. 5 (On 30 May police in Istanbul broke up a small demonstration by several hundred environmentalists, using tear gas, beating protestors and burning their tents. The cause of the protestors and the abusive response of the authorities touched a nerve. Within days, tens of thousands of protestors had taken to the streets across the main cities of Turkey. By the middle of June hundreds of thousands had taken part in "Gezi Park protests" that spanned almost every one of Turkey's 81 provinces) p. 7 (The difference in the case of the Gezi Park protests is in terms of scale and constituency. The street demonstrations have been unparalleled in terms of the numbers of people taking part, their duration for over two months and the fact that they spanned virtually every province in the country.)

found: New perspectives on Turkey, no. 49 (2013), viewed online Dec. 9, 2015:p. 147 (the Gezi revolt) pp. 156-157 (the Gezi Resistance; the Gezi movement)

found: New York times, searched online, Dec. 9, 2015(Gezi Park protests; Gezi Park protests of 2013; the 2013 Gezi Park protests; Gezi protests; the Gezi movement, named after the Istanbul park where the protests started; Gezi Park demonstrations; no results for phrases "Gezi resistance" or "Gezi revolt")

found: Britannica Year in Review for 2013 online, Feb. 2, 2016:Dates of 2013 (May 31: A group of peaceful demonstrators in Istanbul's Taksim Square are dispersed by police using water cannons and tear gas; protests over the planned removal of Gezi Park, adjacent to the square, in order to build a shopping mall, began on May 28 and have grown to include protests against the Turkish government; June 14: Leaders of the protest group that first began demonstrations against the razing of Gezi Park in Istanbul's Taksim Square reach an agreement with Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan that will allow a legal challenge to the demolition to go forward and a referendum on the issue to be held in return for an end to the protest; demonstrators remain in the square nonetheless) Turkey in 2013 (Turkey witnessed a prolonged wave of popular protest that began in May 2013 with a series of demonstrations against the planned redevelopment in Istanbul of the public Gezi Park into a shopping mall; demonstrations quickly spread to other major cities; protesters spoke out against what they described as the AKP's autocratic actions; widespread protests)