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End-Permian Extinction


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    • End-Permian Mass Extinction
    • Great Dying (End-Permian Extinction)
    • P-T Extinction
    • P-Tr Extinction
    • P-Tr Mass Extinction
    • Permian Extinction (End-Permian Extinction)
    • Permian Mass Extinction (End-Permian Extinction)
    • Permian-Triassic Extinction
    • Permian-Triassic Mass Extinction
    • Permo-Triassic Extinction
    • Permo-Triassic Mass Extinction
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  • Sources

    • found: Work cat.: Peecook, B.R. Vertebrate patterns of taxonomic and ecological diversity and recovery from the End-Permian Mass Extinction, 2016:abstr. (The End-Permian Mass Extinction; the largest mass extinction in Earth history, wiping out approximately 80% of marine species, with a comparable effect on land) p. 69 (the Permo-Triassic mass extinction) p. 82 (The end-Permian mass extinction (EPME); marine sections exposing the Permo-Triassic boundary itself have restricted the temporal duration of the mass extinction to less than 200 thousand years, and possibly as few as 60 thousand years)
    • found: Britannica online, Apr. 22, 2020(Permian extinction, also called Permian-Triassic extinction or end-Permian extinction; characterized by the elimination of over 95 percent of marine and 70 percent of terrestrial species. In addition, over half of all taxonomic families present at the time disappeared; event ranks first in severity of the five major extinction episodes that span geologic time)
    • found: Chu, J. End-Permian extinction, which wiped out most of Earth's species, was instantaneous in geological time, via Phys.org, posted Sept. 19, 2018, viewed on Apr. 22, 2020(The end-Permian mass extinction; took place 251.9 million years ago; killed off more than 96 percent of the planet's marine species and 70 percent of its terrestrial life--a global annihilation that marked the end of the Permian Period; the end-Permian extinction)
    • found: End-Permian Extinction, via Sam Noble Museum website, Apr. 22, 2020(There were two significant extinction events in the Permian Period. The smaller, at the end of a time interval called the Capitanian, occurred about 260 million years ago. The event at the end of the Permian Period (at the end of a time interval called the Changshanian) was much larger and may have eliminated more than three-quarters of species of marine animals. It happened about 252 million years ago and geological evidence shows that it may have taken no more than 200,000 years)
    • found: Chamber, J. The great Permian extinction, via Earth archives website, Apr. 22, 2020(The Permian mass extinction, or "Great Dying"; occurred about 252 million years ago and marks the geologic boundary between the Permian and Triassic periods (P-Tr boundary); the P-Tr mass extinction is nicknamed "The Great Dying")
    • found: Evolution library website, via PBS website, Apr. 22, 2020(Permian-Triassic Extinction; the so-called "Great Dying" of animals and plants some 250 million years ago; distinct from the Capitanian extinction also in the Permian)
    • found: Journal of vertebrate paleontology, Nov. 2017:p. 254 (The Permian-Triassic mass extinction (PTME)) p. 255 (the impact of the PTME on terrestrial paleoecosystems preserved in present-day southern Africa)
    • found: Annual review of Earth and planetary sciences, 2012:p. 89 (End-Permian Mass Extinction) p. 90 (the end-Permian extinction)
    • found: Global and planetary change, Aug. 2017:p. 178 (the Permian-Triassic mass extinction)
    • found: Nature, 20 Jan. 1994:p. 231 (article titled: The Permo-Triassic extinction; The end-Permian mass extinction was the closest metazoans have come to being exterminated during the past 600 million years; The end-Permian extinction brought the world of the Palaeozoic to a close)
    • found: Hooper Virtual Paleontology Museum, via WWW, Apr. 22, 2020:Mass extinctions > Mass extinctions of Earth history > Mass extinctions of the Phanerozoic > Permian Mass Extinction (The Permian Mass Extinction; occurred about 248 million years ago and was the greatest mass extinction ever recorded in earth history) Causes of the Permian Extinction (the Permian mass extinction; the Permian extinction)
    • found: The P-T Extinction was a slow death, via Astrobiology magazine website, posted Feb. 5, 2012, viewed on Apr. 22, 2020(what scientists have called "The Great Dying"; Permian mass extinction)
    • found: Wikipedia, Apr. 22, 2020:Permian-Triassic extinction event (The Permian-Triassic extinction event, also known as the P-Tr extinction, the P-T extinction, the End-Permian Extinction, and colloquially as the Great Dying, formed the boundary between the Permian and Triassic geologic periods, as well as between the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras, approximately 252 million years ago. It is the Earth's most severe known extinction event, with up to 96% of all marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrate species becoming extinct)
    • found: Google search, Apr. 22, 2020(59,200 results for "End-Permian Extinction"; 79,900 results for "End-Permian Mass Extinction"; 133,000 results for "Permian Extinction"; 127,000 results for "Permian Mass Extinction"; 78,500 results for "Permian-Triassic Extinction"; 41,000 results for "Permian-Triassic Mass Extinction"; 25,400 results for "Permo-Triassic Extinction; 22,100 results for "Permo-Triassic Mass Extinction)
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  • Change Notes

    • 2020-04-22: new
    • 2020-07-15: revised
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