found: Work cat.: Kandarī, F.A.A. al-Firmānāt al-sulṭānīyah, 2001:added t.p.: (Ottoman Fermans)
found: Webster's unabr. dict. WWW site Aug. 30, 2005(firman; a decree or mandate, order, license, or grant issued by the ruler of an Oriental country)
found: Oxford dict. Islam, Oxford ref. online Aug. 30, 2005(farman in Turkish; firman; denotes any order or edict of the Ottoman sultan)
found: WordWeb online dict. and thesaurus, Sept. 2, 2005(firman (firmans); inTurkey and some other Oriental countries, a decree or mandate issued by thesovereign; a royal order or grant; generally given for special objects,as to a traveller to insure him protection and assistance)
