Gujarat Riots, India, 2002

found: Wikipedia, viewed Oct. 24, 2006(the term 2002 Gujarat violence ... refers to the violent incidents that took place in Gujarat state in India beginning February, 2002 as an aftermath of the Godhra Train Burning episode ... Officially 790 Muslims and 254 Hindus were declared dead, 223 missing, 2548 injured, 919 widowed and 606 kids orphaned)

found: Ways of remembering, 2024:CIP summary (The 2002 Gujarat pogrom; postcolonial India's most litigated and mediatized event of anti-Muslim mass violence) galley (Gujarat 2002 characterized as a 'pogrom', instead of a 'riot' or 'genocide'; While all three words are overlapping categories that describe forms of collective or mass violence, a riot is spontaneous violence provoked by a situation or an event which is not pre-planned which may or may not target a specific group; A genocide is a planned offensive with the clear aim of eliminating an identifiable racial group or tribe, which may or may not have been aided by the state; While the violence of Gujarat 2002 carried aspects of both, it is most appropriately described as a pogrom, which is planned, aimed at destroying an identifiable group of people and their properties, and aided by the state through acts of omission and commission)

found: LC database viewed March 6, 2024(Usage: Pogrom in Gujarat; Gujarat pogrom; Gujarat 2002; massacre and the Modi years in Gujarat; the Godhra violence; Hindu-Muslim violence in Gujarat in 2002)

found: JStor searched March 6, 2023("Gujarat Riots"=253 results; "Gujarat genocide"=23 results; "Gujarat 2002"=193 results; "Gujarat pogrom"=74 results)

found: Dictionary of Politics and International Relations in India, viewed online March 6, 2024 via Oxford reference:Gujarat pogrom (An act of mass-based religiously motivated violence occurred after a train carrying Hindu pilgrims was attacked by a Muslim mob at Godhra; In response to provocations by the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and the Bharatiya Janata Party, as well as Gujarat's chief minister Narendra Modi; on 28 February 2002 Hindu--Muslim violence erupted across the state, leaving thousands dead; Sangh Parivar activists aided in this organized, systematic, and pre-planned violence against the Muslim population)

found: Hindu nationalism. Encyclopedia of World Religions: Encyclopedia of Hinduism, 2019 viewed via Credo reference, March 8, 2024:Hindu nationalism (government-backed massacre of Muslims; in 16 of Gujarat's districts, Muslim homes, businesses, and places of worship were destroyed by mobs; girls and women were subjected to sexual atrocities; Human rights observers classified the events in Gujarat as "genocide" by the standards of the United Nations Genocide Convention of 1948; India's National Human Rights Commission charged the state government with complicity at the "highest levels")