Disparate impact (Law)

found: Work cat.: 2017050498: Foundations of Indirect Discrimination Law, 2018 (proceedings of conference in England)ECIP summary ("Indirect discrimination (or disparate impact) concerns the application of the same rule to everyone, even though that rule significantly disadvantages one particular group")

found: A general overview of disparate impact theory, 2014:p. 1 (According to the legal theory of disparate impact, the government or private litigants can bring discrimination claims based solely on statistics that suggest an otherwise neutral policy disparately impacts protected classes; disparate impact claims do not require the government or a private plaintiff to provide intent to discriminate)

found: Black's law dictionary, 7th ed.(Disparate impact: the adverse effect of a facially netural practice (esp. an employment practice) that nonetheless discriminates against persons because of their race, sex, national origin, age, or disability and that is not justified by business necessity. Discriminatory intent is irrelevant in a disparate-impact claim, also termed adverse impact)

found: Nolo's plain-English law dictionary web site, viewed June 16, 2014(Adverse impact: when a facially neutral policy disproportionately affects one group, this can be the basis of a discrimination lawsuit if the group affected is protected by discrimination laws (such as race, sex, or age). For example, an employer's policy requiring all employees have the ability to lift 50 pounds could disproportionately affect women. Unless the employer had a good reason for such a policy, it could be discriminatory, even though it doesn't explicitly exclude women)

found: Legislation.gov.uk viewed Oct. 19, 2017Equality Act 2010, sec. 19 ("Indirect discrimination")

found: Australian Human Rights Commission website viewed Oct. 19, 2017&b("indirect discrimination occurs when there is an unreasonable rule or policy that is the same for everyone but has an unfair effect on people who share a particular attribute")