found: Work cat: 2014025851: Schnitzer, S.A. Ecology of lianas, 2015:ECIP t.p. (Lianas)
found: Britannica online, Oct. 1, 2014(Liana: also spelled liane, any long-stemmed, woody vine that is rooted in the soil and climbs or twines around other plants; component of tropical forest ecosystems; one representative of the most important structural differences between tropical and temperate forests; flattened or twisted lianas often become tangled together to form a hanging network of vegetation. Lianas belong to several different plant families; may grow up to 60 cm (about 24 inches) in diameter and 100 metres (about 330 feet) in length. Study of lianas is complicated by erratic growth patterns and taxonomic uncertainties; Lianas can represent approximately one-quarter of all woody species in tropical forests)
found: Wikipedia, Oct. 1, 2014(Liana: any of various long-stemmed, woody vines that are rooted in the soil at ground level and use trees, as well as other means of vertical support, to climb up to the canopy to get access to well-lit areas of the forest. Lianas are especially characteristic of tropical moist deciduous forests and rainforests, including temperate rainforests. There are also temperate lianas, for example the members of the Clematis or Vitis (wild grape) genera)
found: Gillett, J.B. A numbered check-list of trees, shrubs and noteworthy lianes indigenous to Kenya, 1970.
found: Hawthorn, W. Woody plants of Western African forests : a guide to the forest trees, shrubs and lianes from Senegal to Ghana, 2006.
found: Merriam-Webster online, Jan. 9, 2015(liana: any of various usually woody vines especially of tropical rain forests that root in the ground. Variant: liane)
