found: Work cat.: Current directions in ostracism, social exclusion, and rejection research, 2019:pp. 1-2 (social exclusion is a broad category encapsulating various types of negative interpersonal experiences in which someone feels kept apart from others physically, emotionally, or otherwise devalued socially; exclusion experiences may involve someone receiving direct negative attention (rejection-based exclusion) or being ignored in some way (ostracism-based exclusion) p. 5 (ostracism-based exclusion; individuals are not acknowledged and treated as if they do not exist; empirical studies support the general idea that negative attention may be better than being unacknowledged; being ignored (i.e., ostracized socially) is a powerful message that one is unwanted and unworthy of inclusion)
found: Merriam-Webster dictionary online, Jan. 17, 2020(ostracism 1. a method of temporary banishment by popular vote without trial or special accusation practiced in ancient Greece. 2. exclusion by general consent from common privileges or social acceptance)
found: APA dictionary of psychology, 2015(ostracism: an extreme form of rejection in which one is excluded and ignored in the presence of others)
found: Psychology research and reference website, Jan. 17, 2020:Social psychology > Interpersonal yelationships > Ostracism (Ostracism refers to the act of ignoring and excluding individuals. It is differentiated from social exclusion in that ostracism generally requires ignoring or lack of attention in addition to social exclusion. Ostracism is distinguishable from overt acts of rejection and bullying because rather than combining acts of exclusion with verbal or physical abuse, ostracism involves giving no or little attention to the individual or groups.)
found: Psychology glossary, via AlleyDog.com, Jan. 17, 2020(Ostracism is being deliberately left out of a group or social setting by exclusion and rejection. Groups and individuals alike can ostracize others and be ostracized themselves. Although social rejection is an inevitable part of human existence, prolonged or unreasonable ostracism can lead to loneliness, depression, and/or aggression. An example of ostracism is a student deliberately not inviting a particular person to their party although they invited everyone else in their class.)
found: Annual review of psychology, 2007:p. 427 (Ostracism: ignoring and excluding individuals or groups by individuals or groups; Rejection: an explicit declaration that an individual or group is not wanted; Social exclusion: being kept apart from others) p. 429 (Ostracism is typically defined as being ignored and excluded, and it often occurs without excessive explanation or explicit negative attention. Ostracism is often operationalized as a process that is characterized as an unfolding sequence of responses endured while being ignored and excluded; Social exclusion appears to be defined as being excluded, alone, or isolated, sometimes with explicit declarations of dislike, but other times not; Rejection is typically operationalized as a declaration by an individual or group that they do not (or no longer) want to interact or be in the company of the individual)
found: Grahe, J.E. Commentary on Sources of Ostracism Research; in Journal of Social Psychology. Sep/Oct2015, Vol. 155 Issue 5Abstract (Modern ostracism research started in the early 1990s and hundreds of studies have advanced our understanding of this phenomenon)
found: Wesselmann, E.D. Social life and social death: Inclusion, ostracism, and rejection in groups; in Group Processes & Intergroup Relations: GPIR; London Vol. 20, Iss. 5, Sept. 2017(Social exclusion experiences can be further broken down into two subcategories: rejection- and ostracism-based experiences)
