Bale Insurgency, Ethiopia, 1963-1970

found: Work cat: Østebø, Terje. Islam, ethnicity, and conflict in Ethiopia, 2020CIP t.p. (Bale Insurgency, 1963-1970) galley (Bale rebellion; Gebru Tareke considered it a peasant rebellion with land tenure, taxation, and social inequality as the key driving factors; Subsequent interpretations of the Bale rebellion have shifted the focus to emphasize ethnicity and ethno-nationalism; The Bale erupted in 1963 and would continue until it was crushed by the Ethiopian military in 1970; fighting took place mainly in the eastern and southern lowlands, spanning across El Kere, Wabe, and Dello awrajas; insurgency was comprised of Arsi Oromo and Somali pastoralists from the lowlands, but enjoyed widespread support throughout the region; locals referred to the insurgency as the Kuluba, and sometimes as the Dhombir war; The trigger for was the new head tax introduced in early in 1963; the Bale insurgency ended with little or nothing achieved) (DLC)2020038972

found: Jalata, Asafa. The emergence of Oromo nationalism and Ethiopian reaction, in Social justice 22(3), Fall 1995, via JSTOR, Sept. 22, 2020:(The Bale Oromo farmers transformed their scattered resistances into loosely organized guerrilla struggle between 1963 and 1970; Bale uprising)

found: Zewde, Bahru. A history of modern Ethiopia, 1855-1991, 2001:page 215-217 (Rebellion in the South eastern province of Bale from 1963-1970; Muslim peasants could not afford to pay colonial taxes; Bale rebellion)