Elephant trunk

found: Work cat.: Sozilawaty Haji Mornie, Hajah. Gayoh berhidung panjang, 2019:p. 4 of cover (ever wonder how the elephant got his long nose?)

found: A dictionary of zoology, 2020, viewed online June 29, 2021:Proboscidea (Proboscidea: an order that comprises the elephants and their extinct relatives; since the late Miocene most have possessed a long trunk: this is developed from the nose and upper lip, is operated by a complex musculature, is sensitive to chemical and tactile stimuli, and is used to obtain food and water and in making sounds (which are important in social organization)) proboscis (A tubular protrusion from the anterior of an animal)

found: Grzimek's animal life encyclopedia, ©2003-©2004, viewed online June 29, 2021:v. 15 (Proboscidea (Elephants); The living elephant species are contained within a single family, the Elephantidae, and are the sole remaining representatives of the mammalian order Proboscidea. The name Proboscidea derives from the proboscis, or trunk; The elephant's trunk is, anatomically, a fusion between its nose and upper lip. The trunk is remarkably sensitive, flexible, and maneuverable, as well as being immensely strong. It contains no bone or cartilage, but is principally composed of muscle, in eight main sets (four on each side) comprising a total of about 150,000 separately moveable muscle units. Two nostrils run the entire length of the trunk for breathing)

found: Wikipedia, June 29, 2021(elephant trunk; an elephant trunk or elephant's trunk is the proboscis/nose of an elephant)

found: Sima, R. Elephant trunks, via The New York Times website, published June 1, 2021, updated June 4, 2021, viewed on June 29, 2021(An elephant's trunk is a marvel of biology. Devoid of any joints or bone, the trunk is an appendage made of pure muscle; boasts a sense of smell more powerful than a bomb-sniffing dog's; Elephants use their trunks in a variety of ways. They use it to drink, store and spray water, and they also blow air through it to communicate; the most recent detailed account of elephant trunk anatomy is a hand-drawn monograph that was published in 1908)

found: Nabavizadeh, A. Anatomy of the proboscideal nerve in the proboscis of the African Elephant (Loxodonta africana), in The FASEB journal, v. 33, issue S1, viewed online June 29, 2021:p. lb148 (The elephant proboscis (i.e., trunk), a unique muscular organ formed by the combined narial and upper lip region, is a complex muscular hydrostat adapted for a multitude of functions, including grasping, holding, and transporting objects, siphoning, holding, and spraying water, and communication. The proboscis has previously been described as containing tens of thousands of muscle fascicles, each working individually to help bend, curve, and curl the trunk in all directions at any point along its length)

found: Did you know that the elephant's trunk is an exceptional instrument, via Exploring Africa website, June 29, 2021(elephant's trunk; proboscis; the elephant's proboscis is a muscular hydrostat, that is a muscle able to move without being helped or tied to a bone, just like the human tongue)

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