found: Work cat: Jain, R. Modification of carbon-carbon composites with carbon nanofibers, 2005.
found: Carbon (New York, N.Y.), Aug. 2005:p. 2175 (Carbon nanofibers, like other quasi-one-dimensional nanostructures such as nanowires and nanotubes, have recently been receiving increased attention. This is due to their potential application as heat-management materials, for composite reinforcement, high-temperature catalysis, membrane-based separation, and as components for nanoelectronics and photonics. Carbon fibers are typically produced either by pyrolyzing fibers spun from an organic precursor (e.g., polyacrylonitrile (PAN), or alternatively pitch), or by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The spinning method can only produce microscale carbon fibers (diameter >5 [mu]m). CVD can synthesize carbon fibers with diameters ranging from several microns down to 10 nm)
found: Analytical methods, Mar. 2010:p. 202 (With the continuous progress of nanotechnology in material science, carbon nanomaterials, especially carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs), have attracted considerable attention in electroanalysis and biosensing. ... CNFs have cylindrical nanostructures with different stacking arrangements of graphene sheets, such as stacked platelet, ribbon or herringbone. They have lengths in the order of micrometres, while their diameter varies between some tens of nanometres up to several hundreds of nanometres. The mechanical strength and electric properties of CNFs are similar to that of CNTs while their size and graphite ordering can be well controlled. The primary distinguishing characteristic of CNFs from nanotubes is the stacking of graphene sheets of varying shapes, producing more edge sites on the outer wall of CNFs than CNTs)
found: Particle and fibre toxicology, via WWW, July 15, 2013:v. 9, no. 10 (2012), p. 1 (Carbon nanotubes (CNT), including single-walled (SWCNT), double-, and multi-walled (MWCNT), and carbon nanofibers (CNF) are allotropes of carbon featuring fibrous morphology. SWCNT (typically 0.4 - 3 nm in diameter) are composed of a single cylindrical sheet of graphene, MWCNT (2-200 nm in diameter) consist of several concentric, coaxial rolled up graphene sheets. In contrast to CNT, CNF represent a less perfect graphene sheet arrangement, with layers of graphene stacked at an angle to the fiber axis. CNF, formed from graphene nanocones or "cups" and sometimes referred to as "stacked-cup carbon nanotubes", are strong flexible filaments ranging from 70-200 nm in diameter and 10 [mu]m - 100 [mu]m in length. They are advantageous for a broad variety of applications, such as nanocomposites and biomedical devices)
found: Journal of applied physics, Sept. 15, 2004:p. 3443 (The considerable scientific interest that has arisen in carbon nanostructures since buckminsterfullerene and carbon nanotubes (CNFs) [i.e. CNTs] were identified has led to numerous investigations into their electronic and mechanical properties and possible engineering applications. Catalytic chemical vapor deposition of hydrocarbons is now widely used for carbon nanotube growth as a simple and efficient method for their production. In addition to CNTs, similar methods have been used for the synthesis of carbon nanofibers (CNFs), also known as carbon filaments since the early 1950's)
