found: Curl, J.S. A dictionary of architecture and landscape architecture, 2006(madrasa, madrassa, madraseh, medresseh: Islamic theological and legal place of instruction, usually with a court with iwan, accommodation, and study-cells. The grandest madrasas resembled four-iwan mosque plans, with cells on two storeys ranged around the court. In some cases the open court was replaced by a smaller covered, domed space, and in others they were part of much larger complexes)
found: The Oxford companion to architecture, 2009(madrasa: Literally 'place of study', or an institutional residence for students, teachers, and visiting scholars. Typically the plan consists of a series of collegiate rooms arranged in 2 storeys around an open rectangular or square courtyard. In some instances, an enclosed teaching hall and library located on the ground level form one side of the building)
found: Islamic architecture website, Dec. 10, 2018(The Madrasa (Qur'an School); unique type of religious building; long been a part of Islamic civilization; school for the training of spiritual and legal leaders; most madrasas are centered on a court with one or more iwans--large, three-sided, vaulted halls used for teaching. But the most important and visible features of the madrasas typically are their portals and minarets)
found: Arjmand, R. Islamic educational spaces : architecture of madrasah and Muslim educational institutions, in Handbook of Islamic education, 2017, viewed online Dec. 10, 2018:abstr. (Madrasah buildings were formed in eastern lands of the Muslim World inspired by Khurāsāni vernacular architecture; Isfahani architects utilized classic Persian architecture with its internal garden, formerly used extensively in Persian style mosques, to madrasah buildings. The model spread later to most of the Muslim world as the classic model of madrasah building)
found: Anatolian Seljuks madrasahs, via UNESCO World Heritage Centre website, Dec. 10, 2018(Madrasahs were educational institutions that first appeared in Islamic countries; These buildings consisted of rooms lined up around an internal courtyard: an iwan in the middle of each side and student cells located in between. This layout also influenced the plans of madrasahs constructed in Anatolia: a courtyard, iwan, winter dershane and student cells are found in all of the madrasahs constructed in this period that have survived up to the present day. In addition to these architectural elements, some madrasahs also have elements like masjids, türbes, fountains and minarets; General usage of madrasahs was religious education; With architectural features and elegant stonework, Anatolian Seljuks Madrasahs are noteworthy building group in Turkish-Islamic architecture)
found: Saoud, R. The Ottoman madrassa, via Muslim heritage website, Dec. 10, 2018(For more than three centuries Muslims used the mosque for teaching and learning as well as other activities. By the tenth century, the teaching activity was extended to the house where the teacher lived gradually introducing, in Persia first, the so called Madrassa. During the eleventh century, under the Seljuk reign, the Madrassa emerged as a separate building, although often adjoining a mosque. The Ottomans inherited this building type with historical records showing that their first madrassa was founded in Iznik in 1331, by Syleyman Pasha)
